How big is an enum?

I noticed something odd while browsing through the assembly output of some AVR C code I wrote recently. In the code, I have the following expression:

int main() {
    setup();

    while (state != STATE_QUIT) {
        loop();
    }
}

Here, state is a variable of type enum STATE, which looks something like this (not exactly like this; there are actually 19 possible values but I didn’t want to clutter this post with unnecessary code listings):